A Panchang, also known as Panchanga or Hindu Calendar, is a traditional Hindu astrological almanac that provides comprehensive information about various aspects of time and celestial events. The word “Panchang” is derived from the Sanskrit words “Pancha,” meaning five, and “Anga,” meaning limb or part. Therefore, Panchang refers to the five elements of time.

The key components of a Panchang typically include :

Tithi (Lunar Day) : The phases of the moon on a particular day, which are important in determining auspicious and inauspicious times for various activities. The lunar month is divided into 30 tithis, each representing a specific angle between the positions of the sun and the moon.

Nakshatra (Lunar Mansion) : The position of the moon in one of the 27 or 28 lunar mansions or constellations, which influences various aspects of life. Each Nakshatra has its own unique qualities and is associated with specific deities.

Yoga : Combinations of specific positions of the sun and moon that has astrological significance, and is believed to have particular effects on a person’s nature and behavior. There are 27 yogas, each associated with specific qualities and influences.

Karana : Half of a Tithi, resulting in a total of 11 Karanas in a lunar month. Karanas are associated with various activities and are considered while determining the auspiciousness of specific events.

Vara (Weekday) : The day of the week, named after the seven classical planets in Hindu astrology, which is significant in determining auspicious timings for different activities. Each day is associated with a specific deity and has its own set of favorable and unfavorable activities.

Rahu Kalam, Yamagandam, and Gulikai : Inauspicious time periods associated with the nodes of the moon (Rahu and Ketu), which are considered in Hindu astrology for timing certain activities.

Sunrise and Sunset Times : Important for various daily rituals and prayers.

Abhijit Muhurat : A highly auspicious time period believed to be favorable for important activities, including weddings and other significant events.

Panchangs are widely used for determining auspicious timings for events, festivals, rituals, and ceremonies in Hindu culture. They play a crucial role in guiding individuals in planning their activities in harmony with the celestial influences for positive outcomes. Panchangs are created based on complex calculations involving the positions of celestial bodies. They are often prepared by expert astrologers and are available in printed formats as well as online.